Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Bīrūnī, often known as Alberonius in Latin, but also Al Beruni, Al Bayrooni or variants, (born 5 September 973 in Kath, Khwarezm (now in Uzbekistan, historically a part of Greater Iran), died 13 December 1048 in Ghazni (now in Afghanistan)) was a Persian Muslim scholar and polymath of the 11th century.